Blog No. 87: We Are Artists in a Floating World

I have learnt many things over these past years. I have learnt much in contemplating the world of pleasure, and recognizing its fragile beauty. But I now feel it is time for me to progress to other things. Sensei, it is my belief that in such troubled times as these, artists must learn to value something more tangible than those pleasurable things that disappear with the morning light. It is not necessary that artists always occupy a decadent and enclosed world. My conscience, Sensei, tells me I cannot remain forever an artist of the floating world.

Quoting Masuji Ono, from An Artist of the Floating World by Kazuo Ishiguro

We live in a floating world, which is to say a decadent subjective world of pleasure and inwardness. We can no longer believe in something eternal, objective and true; we are renouncing our Hellenic-Christian past and are currently floating gently down the stream towards the rapids. This corrosion affects all, but especially the elites who created it. They have torn the idols down, but failed to replace them with anything other than a mocking posture as the culture descends into tribalism; our art reflects this.

I would gladly be proven wrong; it should be simple enough. Point to composer or painter who is the equal of major artists of the past. Where is the new Chopin or Cezanne? Phillip Glass or Andy Warhol do not come close–they only mock. This is not to say post-modern or contemporary artists are without merit of course. They can be intellectually interesting, but rarely awe-inspiring because they don’t believe in awe-inspiring. To be in awe is to understand that there are great things afoot in the world that are not captured by the mind; they are beyond reason.

I’ve heard critics wax eloquently about the “beauty” of dissonance or transgressive paintings, but these are not beauty, they are negations of virtually everything except negation, and that disheartens.

There are exceptions of course. Marilynne Robinson’s prose can rise to the beauty of poetry and she grapples with serious and very human issues. But even in greatness, today’s genius often fails because it aims so low. Compare Marilynne Robinson’s Gilead to Cormac McCarthy’s Blood Meridian to see the difference between aiming high and aiming low; Blood Meridian is great fiction, but it is the art of negation.

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Blog 86, We too are Appearances

XANTHIPPE: Call it what you will –poetry, rhetoric, imitation –it is the art of appearances, of showing the world as it really seems. And since we too are appearances, it is poetry, and not philosophy, which gives the truth of our condition.

Xanthippic Dialogues by Roger Scruton

This quote comes from a wonderful work of philosophic fiction that I heartily recommend. Ancient Greece was a very patriarchal society as everyone knows. Xanthippe was the actual wife of Socrates, portrayed in Plato’s dialogues as something of a shrew. But one man’s shrew is another man’s intellectual equal and foil. The Xanthippic Dialogues are the fictional dialogues of Xanthippe who, being female, naturally puts Socrates (“Socks” to her) in his place by standing him on his head; truth is not discovered by reason, but by art.

In reality, she asserts that we do not know the world, we only perceive it, i.e., reality is mediated by our senses and intellectual software before we subjectively perceive it. But if this is true, and clearly it is, then what are we ourselves but an appearance, the interior perception of ourselves by… who exactly? Perhaps not who, but what: being, which exists outside time and place and is therefore nameless. No one knows.

Scruton’s Xanthippe is not arguing that there is no external, objective reality; rather, she asserts that our condition is such that we cannot know it directly and therefore in a certain sense cannot know it at all. She argues that since all we know is appearance, it is art, which reflects perception not reality, that gives us the truest picture of our condition in the world. Therefore, the first truth is that reason alone will not reveal truth; it is not philosophy, but art that shines the brightest and truest light.  She is arguing for vigorous realism, prudence and humility, the virtues of women, not men.

Interestingly, however, Xanthippe came to this thought (which, ironically exists only in Plato’s world of forms) , through the use of her reason. As Plotinus notes in The Six Enneads:

Hence the Soul heightened to the Intellectual-Principle is beautiful to all its power. For Intellection and all that proceeds from Intellection are the Soul’s beauty, a graciousness native to it and not foreign, for only with these is it truly Soul. And it is just to say that in the Soul’s becoming a good and beautiful thing is its becoming like to God, for from the Divine comes all the Beauty and all the Good in beings.

God created man and woman in His image. Thank goodness!

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Blog No. 85: The Burial of the Count of Orgaz,

I rarely comment on an image believing that it ought to speak for itself, but “God Bless Texas” was interesting because it grew after I captured the data. My original intent was to do something that would sell. I had seen an old rusty car with “Gun Bless Texas” and a couple of rifles on it nearby that seemed staged for my benefit, so I captured it. As I developed it, however, it became obvious that the sky was the real subject; of course the car remained important, but had become allegorical. The composition made me think of El Greco’s The Burial of the Count of Orgaz, with the detailed solid image of the “real” world below and the far more ethereal yet also “real” image above the near mid-point at the tree tops. The car was the ever moldering mortal remains of the car; the sky divine immortality.

It does happen sometimes that the subconscious speaks out of one’s life unbidden during the creation of an image. This time it was particularly interesting because my original intent was purely commercial, yet as is frequently the case, the gnomes of photography surprised me with an image containing more than I originally intended. It is important to have an open mind while developing an image, which is why I think of the digital negative as information available to be put to good use. A good image will speak to me during development; in this case the sky had a lot more potential than I initially realized.

 

 

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Blog No. 84: Restore us, and regain the blissful seat

Of man’s first disobedience, and the fruit

Of that forbidden tree, whose mortal taste

Brought death into the world, and all our woe,

With loss of Eden, till one greater man

Restore us, and regain the blissful seat,

Book 1, Paradise Lost by John Milton

God is dead for many and dying for most. I don’t know exactly when this began in our culture, but the French Enlightenment’s absolute faith in man and its elevation of reason as man’s only and best way to discover truths might be a good place to start. By the end of the 19th Century the industrial revolution vastly extended man’s reach and power over nature, at least so post-modern man thought. With the advent of relativistic thought at the turn of that century the execution was complete, at least so post-modern intellectuals thought.

Now, having killed god post-modern people began the assault on our nature in earnest; first by denying it. One would think that the post-modern intellectuals who rule the world of ideas and thereby shape our culture would have noticed that isolating people from nature would lead to isolated people.

Absent the desire to find God, they and we are becoming zombies. This too should have been obvious to our post-modern intellectual elites. The first symptoms showed themselves in what they considered art, visual and musical; art became merely intellectualized; abstracted; politicized.  This outcome too should have been obvious and, unaware, they celebrated the loss not as a loss, but as a renewal of their freedom through their art–think “Piss Christ” or Cage’s “4′33.″

One would have thought that this class would have understood that removing themselves from God and nature would have led to nothingness. Cormac McCarthy’s Judge Holden in Blood Meridian personifies the ultimate fate of this post-modern culture; capturing, cataloging and killing everything in its path.

All of us must now struggle to believe anything. We are lost; all of us. Only the light of beauty, which is the call to our true selves, may lead us out of our self-imposed dark wilderness of the soul into the light of who we are in a more complete sense.

Beauty is rational; it can take thought to a higher level. As noted in my last blog. it is the harmonious association of things and ideas into a unified whole that strikes a chord in the human breast.  We are more than intellect, but alone, the intellect can easily be led astray, becoming Milton’s poisoned fruit; it becomes a call to nihilism.

Be not afraid. The time is coming when we will seek beauty again. We cannot fail because it is at the core of who we are.

 

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Blog No. 83, Just Whisper Entropy

There is a side of our personality which impels us to dwell on beauty and other aesthetic significances in Nature and in the work of man, so that our environment means to us much that is not warranted by anything found in the scientific inventory of its structure. An overwhelming feeling tells us that this is right and indispensable to the purpose of our existence. But is it rational ? How can reason regard it otherwise than as a perverse misrepresentation of what is after all only a collection of atoms, aether-waves and the like, going about their business? If the physicist as advocate for reason takes this line, just whisper to him the word Entropy.

From The Nature of the Physical World by Sir Arthur Eddington

Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a closed system, like our universe for example. Why in the world link a fundamental characteristic of our universe like entropy and beauty? I read Einstein, Heisenberg, Schrödinger and Eddington on occasion not because I know much about theoretical physics because I know almost nothing; however, when the level of genius is high enough and one digs arduously enough one can find highly original ideas that apply to the world in general by reading what real geniuses have written.  Schrödinger’s musing about how nature might go about resisting entropy led to Watson and Crick’s double helix for example.

Sir Arthur Eddington states that entropy is time’s arrow, which points from moments ago, less entropy, to now, more entropy. Entropy can only be found, however, by association, the relationship between the particulars; one atom has no entropy because there can be no disorder, whereas ten would because ten can become associated in a more disorderly fashion. He compares this to an impressionistic painting where the individual points are meaningless unless associated as a whole. The same analogy can be made with beauty and melody; all arise from associations. Thus, perceptions of a beautiful melody can be considered rational in the same way entropy is considered rational. What a wonderful point this is!

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Blog 82 Beauty Before Age

I’m not embarrassed or disturbed that I’ve lost so much, anymore than a farmer would be embarrassed or disturbed that the wind has blown the chaff from the threshing floor and left only the wheat. You may not understand this until you’re much older, but to people of my age it’s given, if one will take it, that things become at once more beautiful, more intense, and more inexplicable. You learn to see with your emotions and feel with your reason. If at its end the life you’re living takes on the attributes of art, it doesn’t matter if you’ve forgotten where you put your reading glasses.

The character Jules in the novel  Paris in the Present Tense by Mark Helprin

Jules is an aging, but still vigorous musician in Paris. He has had a full life and is considering suicide to help his daughter and grandson financially, which is especially important because the grandson is dying.  Reflecting on his life, he makes the above statement. I found it apposite because I too am growing old and it is true that we seem to separate the wheat from the chaff at this stage of life; because we have so little time we don’t care to waste it on the daily crap we have to wade through in this postmodern world of ours. This also has the wonderful  effect of revealing beauty in the world because its general properties are brought forward out of the clutter.

If you’ve been reading this blog, you’ll recognize a theme; my artistic purpose is to present an object, place or person in a new light, lifting it out of the data captured by the digital negative to reveal what I consider its truest nature. I also present it compositionally, in an ever so slightly odd way to momentarily force the viewer to actually look at the image, rather than prejudging it as some already known object: “Oh, that’s a tree.”

This makes my artistic process rational in that the image is planned to a significant degree, but it is primarily emotional because Jules is right, as you age you begin to “see with your emotions.”  Or maybe this is just the growing childishness of old age.

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Blog 81: The horizon of our ability to know

In Greek mythology, Icarus is the son of the master craftsman Daedalus, the creator of the Labyrinth. Icarus and his father attempt to escape from Crete using wings that his father constructed from feathers and wax. Icarus ignores his father’s instructions not to fly too close to the sun, so when he does, the wax in his wings melts and he falls into the sea and drowns. Icarus is the story of hubris; we fail when we forget our place, as the oracle at Delphi warned. If you think that this is simply a fable told by dead Greeks with no relevance in today’s digital world, then you fail to understand that humans have a nature because we are animals, not angels.

I’ve just recounted a story to make a larger point. Humans tell stories as a way of dealing with the nearly infinite amount of data coming into us through our senses and the software of our brains; there is too much and it must be compressed using a model of reality that was developed over time by each individual.  We even tell stories about ourselves to ourselves. The requirement to understand our world through stories means that each individual lives in their own universe in a very real sense.

What about actual reality? Real reality? We are incapable of knowing it because we can only know the world as represented by our senses. An object in the real world is not even an object because the term “object” has imbedded in it, the human understanding of things we call “objects.” For example, a desk is an “object,” but it is a grouping of subatomic things with huge gaps between them, which makes the desk mainly nothing. It has no color itself because an object’s color is a human concept based on the photons reflected by the thing that we experience, not the  thing itself; take away the photons and the human experience and there is no color. The desk is hard. “Hard” is what we call things that create the sensation we call hard, but this means only that the arrangement of particles, atoms and molecules is such that they are rigid to a greater degree that other things we call soft. Again, hardness is does not exist except in the human experience of it.

The oddities of relativity, mass, shape and velocity changes  are also the result of the stories we tell. The terms we use  in our stories by definition are relational and hence relative. Velocity for example is concerned with direction and speed relative to the observer; two observers’ frames of reference result in different velocities for the same movement of the same object, yet there is no same movement or same object because frames of reference are not privileged; no one observer is really “right” because the concept of velocity, shape and mass themselves prevent it.

The point is that there is no way for us to think about what we call “reality” except as how we experience it—all our terms and thoughts are strictly operational in nature, contingent upon how we experience them directly or indirectly. To have a God’s-eye view we would have direct knowledge of everything at once, without terms that describe a discrete thought,” velocity,”  because it is the discrete thought that causes the relativity of observations. We cannot forget our place and flourish; it is the horizon of our ability to know.

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Blog No. 80: The ghost of beauty

And what was a beautiful woman? For him, beauty was something far more powerful than what fashion dictates and consensus decrees. It was both what creates love and what love creates. For Harry, because his sight was clear, the world was filled with beautiful women, whether the world called them that or not.

In Sunlight and In Shadow by Mark Helprin

Beauty is in fact something far more powerful than what fashion dictates and consensus decrees. It moves through the world, a ghost that illuminates everything, but can only be seen by the perceptive, and perhaps then only dimly. It is an historically difficult thing to define, I certainly have tried and failed often enough, but that is because we are trying to use physical terms to describe a non-physical thing. The answer “I know it when I see it” is over inclusive. Beauty moves all of us in ways that is impossible for any other creature that we’re aware of; ground hogs don’t stop and stare at the sunset or the moonlight on the snow.

For Harry, the protagonist in In Sunlight and In Shadow, this quality makes a woman beautiful “whether the world called them that or not.” Beauty reveals its presence as many qualities; refracted through the natural world it appears as a smile, a tear, a hug, an insightful comment, an appreciation of the self’s distinctiveness and of the beauty in others, grace, good taste. We all know this. Is a woman ever ugly when she smiles? Is a man ever ugly when he comforts a crying child?

If it is any good, an artistic photograph is an image of the shadow beauty casts as it moves through the world; great photographs convey its presence in even the oddest of places or faces. Man is a unique witness to the world, creating meaning for himself through his understanding of what he has experienced. The artist’s job is to expand this understanding of the meaning of life by revealing the beauty that is actually present in the world and in himself, a beauty that he is all too frequently blind to. All the worldly crap that’s been piled up, masking the beauty that is there, needs to be brushed away or reorganized by the artist so that the audience can better appreciate the richness of the experience of life, and by appreciating this richness to better understand that man only glimpses fragmented parts of a greater reality. The fact is that life is a mystery that we grope to understand; the light of beauty allows man to see more of the world that is around him, but beyond his physical senses.

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Blog No. 79: A few good quotes

You can’t “do” the Sistine Chapel instantly — you have to lie on your back and look up at that ceiling and contemplate. And we’ve already lost a whole generation of kids who are blind to anything constructive or beautiful, who are blind to love, love, LOVE — that battered, old, dirty four-letter word that few people understand anymore.

Leonard Bernstein, from Dinner with Lenny: The Last Long Interview with Leonard Bernstein, editor Jonathan Cott

Knowledge is one thing, virtue is another; good sense is not conscience, refinement is not humility, nor is largeness and justness of view faith. Philosophy, however enlightened, however profound, gives no command over the passions, no influential motives, no vivifying principles.

“Discourse 5. Knowledge its Own End,” Cardinal John Henry Newman

These two quotes relate to being human. Today we are bringing the Enlightenment to its logical conclusion; even our art is an exercise in logic, but a logic severed from the nature of man. Of course we are logical, and bringing logic and the empirical process to bear on the natural world has brought with it a lot of benefits, of that there can be no doubt. This objectivity, however, comes at a cost. First, it severs us from our nature.  Second, it deludes us into thinking that empirical knowledge is the only form of real knowledge. Both are lethal.

Apparently this particular blog is destined to be comprised largely of quotes, but the quality of the blog goes up that way! I have a hard time improving on Tocqueville in a relevant passage discussing “In What Spirit the Americans Cultivate the Arts”:

I doubt whether Raphael studied the minute intricacies of the mechanism of the human body as thoroughly as the draftsmen of our own time. He did not attach the same importance as they do to rigorous accuracy on this point because he aspired to surpass nature. He sought to make of man something which should be superior to man and to embellish beauty itself. David and his pupils, on the contrary, were as good anatomists as they were painters. They wonderfully depicted the models that they had before their eyes, but they rarely imagined anything beyond them; they followed nature with fidelity, while Raphael sought for something better than nature. They have left us an exact portraiture of man, but he discloses in his works a glimpse of the Divinity.

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Blog No. 78: Beauty has no explanation

I asked myself, why do I love, and what is the power of beauty, and I understood
that each and every instance of beauty is a promise and example, in miniature, of
life that can end in balance, with symmetry, purpose, and hope—even if without explanation. Beauty has no explanation, but its right perfection elicits love.

From A Soldier of the Great War by Mark Helprin

This lovely quote captures my concern with philosophical aesthetics. Aesthetics is rational-intellectual in nature. While often helpful, it suffers from the assumption that reason, or perhaps more specifically logic, is capable of answering an important concern with beauty. This is error, however, as noted by Mary Shelley in Frankenstein. First, logic is a tool, not an end in itself. There never has been, nor will there ever be a conclusion on any important subject obtained by logic alone.  Beauty by definition is poorly suited to the strictures of logic; it’s like asking what is the smell of red?

Alessandro Giuliani, the protagonist in A Soldier of the Great War, gains an understanding of life that is both complex and simple. Life is a tapestry composed of many threads and many colors, and it can be beautiful even in war. This fact is inexplicable if analyzed, but natural if experienced; it is a promise that life, properly considered, has a beauty that cannot be explained, but it can be justified because it elicits love. The book ends, not with a soliloquy on beauty, but with an example of beauty: soaring swallows whose beauty is enhanced by the fact that a hunter downs many of them. This intensification of the beauty by pointing out its ephemeral  nature is quite Japanese, and regardless of the tradition, it is a point well-taken.

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